Philosophy,
Mathematics
and Technology

The characters in Fyodor Dostoevsky's novels often carry profound philosophical implications. This paper applies a psychiatric perspective to analyze the fate of the characters in The Idiot, exploring the intricate relationship between social structures and individual psychology. Through a detailed examination of Prince Myshkin's epilepsy, extreme empathy, and moral absolutism, it is concluded that Myshkin's "idiocy" is not an inherent flaw but rather a consequence of the pathological influences of his social environment, including class corruption, materialism, and gender discrimination. Through an interdisciplinary analysis combining psychiatry, sociology, and literary criticism, this paper argues that the formation of individual character is a product of the interaction between societal conditions and biological factors. Furthermore, the psychiatric pathology of other characters, such as Nastasya Filippovna and Parfyon Rogozhin, is explored, revealing how the social structure exacerbates personal trauma and maladaptive responses, intensifying the tragedies that unfold.

With the widespread expansion of higher education and the rapid development of educational technology, enhancing teaching effectiveness in economics courses while ensuring educational equity has become a critical issue. This study is based on an empirical survey of over 300 students from three universities, systematically analyzing the impact of teaching methods, gender, family income, and parental education levels on the learning outcomes of economics courses. The results show that AI-assisted teaching significantly outperforms traditional teaching methods, with the average score of students in the AI-assisted group being 78.56, higher than the 72.84 score in the traditional group (p < 0.01). Additionally, a greater proportion of students in the AI group reported a "significant improvement" in learning outcomes (68.4% vs. 52.1%). Gender differences exhibited variability across teaching methods: male students performed better in traditional teaching, while female students showed more significant improvement in AI-assisted teaching. Socioeconomic factors also had a substantial impact, with students from high-income families achieving an average score of 78.72, notably higher than the 70.13 average of students from low-income families (p < 0.01). Multiple regression analysis revealed that teaching methods (β = 3.24, p < 0.01), family income (β = 2.13, p = 0.001), and parental education levels (β = 2.56, p = 0.004) all had significant positive effects on learning outcomes, with the model explaining 47% of the variance.

This article offers a systematic normative analysis of the relationship between the commercialization of sport and the notion of corruption. By distinguishing between moral corruption, practical corruption, and normative corruption, and by conceiving sport as a social practice centered on fair competition and the pursuit of excellence, the paper argues that commercialization is not inherently corrupting. Corruption arises when market logic comes to systematically override the internal goods that constitute sport's distinctive normative structure, thereby reshaping its purposes and standards. More specifically, the article identifies three principal pathways through which commercialization generates normative corruption. Structural corruption undermines competitive balance by allowing economic resources, rather than athletic excellence, to become the decisive determinant of outcomes. Motivational corruption transforms what is characteristically an autotelic form of sporting participation into instrumentalized athletic labor. Aesthetic corruption subordinates forms of excellence defined by a practice's internal standards to considerations of entertainment value and marketability. In response to the practical necessity of commercialization in contemporary sport, the article advances a position of conditional commercialization, according to which commercial arrangements are normatively legitimate only insofar as they remain subordinate to, and supportive of, sport's internal goods.

The widening gap between the rich and the poor has become one of the most significant challenges facing contemporary societies. Despite unprecedented economic growth and technological advancements over the past few decades, wealth and income inequality have reached levels not seen since the early 20th century. This paper analyzes the resource allocation imbalances and resulting social inequalities under market self-interest mechanisms through the lens of game theory. In the absence of government intervention, market mechanisms tend to concentrate wealth and perpetuate social injustices. Particularly, high-income groups effectively resist redistributive policies through tax avoidance and political lobbying, thereby undermining the effectiveness of such policies. To address the inherent shortcomings of market mechanisms, government intervention becomes crucial. This paper further explores how to design and implement effective redistributive policies, including strengthening anti-tax avoidance measures, enhancing policy transparency, and countering political capture. Drawing on redistribution experiences from various countries, it proposes policy recommendations for progressive tax systems and diversified social security frameworks, aiming to achieve a more equitable distribution of wealth and promote sustainable social development.